I will compile the history and culture of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. First I will introduce about its geography. The capital of the country is London, and the country consists of four parts, England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Every part has each capital city: London is in England, Edinburgh in Scotland, Cardiff in Wales and Belfast in Northern Ireland. The Republic of Ireland’s capital city is Dublin and the country became independent in 1922. Every part of the UK has its own language, English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish. Though Welsh language is still spoken by the people who live in Wales, Scottish language is no longer spoken by a lot of people even though the people who live in Scotland. The four languages have distinctive accents and they are totally different from English language.
National flag and anthem have its country’s deep historical meaning, and also the British national flag has important meaning. The flag combines aspects of three national flags and the three crosses on the flag means three patron saints: the red cross of St. George, the red saltire of St. Andrew and the white saltire of St. Patrick. Sometimes the British national flag is particularly called the Union Jack. The Union Jack was made by England and Scotland in 1606. 195 years later, in 1801, Ireland joined the union as well, and then the flag became the current design.
In this paragraph, I describe about England. The Norman Conquest had a large amount of influence to English culture. Because of it, the vocabulary of English language increased dramatically, especially a large number of borrowed words from French language. It is impossible to tell the history of England without Oliver Cromwell. He was only republicanism leader in British. Also, Charles 1 is important for British history. He was executed in the Great Civil War. A long time ago, England had large power of domination in the world, and its colony expanded greatly in the Victorian age.
There are many world-famous people in England. The Beatles was one of them. The band consisted of four people. They had got together in Liverpool at first and made their band. In 1960s, a virus called Beatlemania started spreading through British Isles and the virus spread all over the world in a short term, and finally the Beatles took over the world of pop. They were also called the Fab Four. It means fabulous four people.
From now I describe about Scotland. Specialists in history call the natives who had lived in Great Britain before Celts came Picts, and it means painting men. It is being supposed that the natives used to paint something on their bodies, thus they are called Picts by historians. From 500 BC, about the time Norman Conquest finished, Celts started to move to Great Britain in several waves. Now Scottish language is almost dead.
When the time the United States had only several states yet on the eastern coast, the capital of the USA was Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. At that time, Philadelphia was the most flourish place in the country, and many Scottish Irish immigrated there. After a while German got settled there as well. After that, they opened ground up toward the Appalachian Mountains and then they made a distinct lifestyle there.
Scotland can be roughly divided into two parts, the Lowlands and the Highlands. The lowlands stretch its field from the border with England to the region beyond Glasgow and Edinburgh. There’re rolling hills and plains in the Lowlands whereas the Highlands are mountainous. The area indented with long sea lochs, especially Loch Ness is well-known place. Scottish industry is concentrated in the Lowlands.
There are many famous Scottish in the world. Robert Burns is also one of them. He was a Scottish poet and lyricist, and he is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland. He was the most known poet in the poets who had written in the Scottish language, although much of his writing was also in English and a light Scottish dialect. One of his poems “Auld Lang Syne” is often sung at the last day of the year, and the song is popular and well-known all over the world, particularly the popular song is known as “Hotaru no Hikari” in Japan. Robert Burns is also regarded as a pioneer of the Romantic Movement. His writing “Scots Wha Hae” served for a long time as unofficial national anthem of Scotland.
Kenneth MacAlpin was the first King of Scotland. The part of “Mac” of MacAlpin is from Scottish language and Irish language, and it means son in English. Thus MacAlpin means son of Alpine. Sometimes “Mac” is changed into “Mc”. For example, one of the Beatles members Paul McCartney means Paul of the son of Cartney.
Hadrian’s wall is the wall which was built with stones at the time during the emperor Hadrian controlled the country to defend the border against Celts, and it was started to build from AC 122.
The House of Stuart was a Scottish royal house. It was founded by RobertⅡand the house ruled Scotland more than 200 years. In 1603, because of the Union of the Crowns, JamesⅥ ruled England as well as Scotland. In 1714, the House of Stuart completely disappeared by the death of the Queen Anne, JamesⅡ’s daughter.
This is my learning I got in the class of “British Affairs” in this semester. I like the class because it was fun to learn what happened in British in the past, especially I like the part of the Beatles. I like their song “Yesterday”, too. Also, I thought it was good way to learn to make some questions and let us solve them because it was also fun thus we weren’t bored the lecture and could concentrate for a long time. I think that engaging contents is the most important thing for lectures because the contents make people interested in.
National flag and anthem have its country’s deep historical meaning, and also the British national flag has important meaning. The flag combines aspects of three national flags and the three crosses on the flag means three patron saints: the red cross of St. George, the red saltire of St. Andrew and the white saltire of St. Patrick. Sometimes the British national flag is particularly called the Union Jack. The Union Jack was made by England and Scotland in 1606. 195 years later, in 1801, Ireland joined the union as well, and then the flag became the current design.
In this paragraph, I describe about England. The Norman Conquest had a large amount of influence to English culture. Because of it, the vocabulary of English language increased dramatically, especially a large number of borrowed words from French language. It is impossible to tell the history of England without Oliver Cromwell. He was only republicanism leader in British. Also, Charles 1 is important for British history. He was executed in the Great Civil War. A long time ago, England had large power of domination in the world, and its colony expanded greatly in the Victorian age.
There are many world-famous people in England. The Beatles was one of them. The band consisted of four people. They had got together in Liverpool at first and made their band. In 1960s, a virus called Beatlemania started spreading through British Isles and the virus spread all over the world in a short term, and finally the Beatles took over the world of pop. They were also called the Fab Four. It means fabulous four people.
From now I describe about Scotland. Specialists in history call the natives who had lived in Great Britain before Celts came Picts, and it means painting men. It is being supposed that the natives used to paint something on their bodies, thus they are called Picts by historians. From 500 BC, about the time Norman Conquest finished, Celts started to move to Great Britain in several waves. Now Scottish language is almost dead.
When the time the United States had only several states yet on the eastern coast, the capital of the USA was Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. At that time, Philadelphia was the most flourish place in the country, and many Scottish Irish immigrated there. After a while German got settled there as well. After that, they opened ground up toward the Appalachian Mountains and then they made a distinct lifestyle there.
Scotland can be roughly divided into two parts, the Lowlands and the Highlands. The lowlands stretch its field from the border with England to the region beyond Glasgow and Edinburgh. There’re rolling hills and plains in the Lowlands whereas the Highlands are mountainous. The area indented with long sea lochs, especially Loch Ness is well-known place. Scottish industry is concentrated in the Lowlands.
There are many famous Scottish in the world. Robert Burns is also one of them. He was a Scottish poet and lyricist, and he is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland. He was the most known poet in the poets who had written in the Scottish language, although much of his writing was also in English and a light Scottish dialect. One of his poems “Auld Lang Syne” is often sung at the last day of the year, and the song is popular and well-known all over the world, particularly the popular song is known as “Hotaru no Hikari” in Japan. Robert Burns is also regarded as a pioneer of the Romantic Movement. His writing “Scots Wha Hae” served for a long time as unofficial national anthem of Scotland.
Kenneth MacAlpin was the first King of Scotland. The part of “Mac” of MacAlpin is from Scottish language and Irish language, and it means son in English. Thus MacAlpin means son of Alpine. Sometimes “Mac” is changed into “Mc”. For example, one of the Beatles members Paul McCartney means Paul of the son of Cartney.
Hadrian’s wall is the wall which was built with stones at the time during the emperor Hadrian controlled the country to defend the border against Celts, and it was started to build from AC 122.
The House of Stuart was a Scottish royal house. It was founded by RobertⅡand the house ruled Scotland more than 200 years. In 1603, because of the Union of the Crowns, JamesⅥ ruled England as well as Scotland. In 1714, the House of Stuart completely disappeared by the death of the Queen Anne, JamesⅡ’s daughter.
This is my learning I got in the class of “British Affairs” in this semester. I like the class because it was fun to learn what happened in British in the past, especially I like the part of the Beatles. I like their song “Yesterday”, too. Also, I thought it was good way to learn to make some questions and let us solve them because it was also fun thus we weren’t bored the lecture and could concentrate for a long time. I think that engaging contents is the most important thing for lectures because the contents make people interested in.
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